Lead accumulates in our bodies over time and can cause health problems in everyone. In adults, exposure can cause severe brain and kidney damage, increase blood pressure and hypertension, and lead to reproductive issues.
While lead poisoning is dangerous for everyone, pregnant women and children are at the highest risk. During pregnancy, lead can cross the placental barrier and expose the fetus to lead. This can result in severe effects to both the mother and the fetus and lead to reduced growth of the fetus and premature birth.
Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning because their nervous system is still developing. In addition, their bodies can absorb metals at a higher rate than the average adult. At low levels of exposure, lead can impair mental development and physical growth, as well as cause behavioral problems. High levels of lead exposure can result in anemia, muscle weakness, and brain damage.
Several agencies have recognized lead as a substance that can possibly cause cancer in humans. The Department of Health and Human Services and the EPA has determined that lead can be reasonably classified as a human carcinogenic, while the International Agency for Research on Cancer clarified that inorganic lead is likely carcinogenic, but there is insufficient information to determine whether organic lead compounds are carcinogenic.